Inventories কি?
International Accounting Standard 2 (IAS 2) অনুযায়ী-
” Inventories are assets:
(a) held for sale in the ordinary course of business;
(b) in the process of production for such sale; or
(c) in the form of materials or supplies to be consumed in the production process or in the rendering of services.”
Net realisable value কি?
IAS 2.6 অনুযায়ী-
” Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.”
Fair value কি?
IAS 2.6 অনুযায়ী-
” Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.”
Inventories কিভাবে Measure করতে হয়?
IAS 2.9 অনুযায়ী-
” Inventories shall be measured at the lower of cost and net realisable value.”
Cost of inventories হিসেবে কি কি আইটেম অন্তর্ভুক্ত হবে?
IAS 2.10 অনুযায়ী-
” The cost of inventories shall comprise all costs of purchase, costs of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.“
IAS 2.11 অনুযায়ী-
” The costs of purchase of inventories comprise the purchase price, import duties and other taxes (other than those subsequently recoverable by the entity from the taxing authorities), and transport, handling and other costs directly attributable to the acquisition of finished goods, materials and services. Trade discounts, rebates and other similar items are deducted in determining the costs of purchase “
IAS 2.12 অনুযায়ী-
" The costs of conversion of inventories include costs directly related to the units of production, such as direct labour. They also include a systematic allocation of fixed and variable production overheads that are incurred in converting materials into finished goods."
IAS 2.15 অনুযায়ী-
" Other costs are included in the cost of inventories only to the extent that they are incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. For example, it may be appropriate to include non‑production overheads or the costs of designing products for specific customers in the cost of inventories."
IAS 2.16 অনুযায়ী-
" Examples of costs excluded from the cost of inventories and recognised as expenses in the period in which they are incurred are:
(a) abnormal amounts of wasted materials, labour or other production costs;
(b) storage costs, unless those costs are necessary in the production process before a further production stage;
(c) administrative overheads that do not contribute to bringing inventories to their present location and condition; and
(d) selling costs."
IAS 2.23 অনুযায়ী-
" The cost of inventories of items that are not ordinarily interchangeable and goods or services produced and segregated for specific projects shall be assigned by using specific identification of their individual costs."
IAS 2.25 অনুযায়ী-
" The cost of inventories, other than those dealt with in paragraph 23, shall be assigned by using the first‑in, first‑out (FIFO) or weighted average cost formula. An entity shall use the same cost formula for all inventories having a similar nature and use to the entity. For inventories with a different nature or use, different cost formulas may be justified."
Inventories কখন Expense হিসেবে Recognize করতে হবে?
IAS 2.34 অনুযায়ী-
" When inventories are sold, the carrying amount of those inventories shall be recognised as an expense in the period in which the related revenue is recognised. The amount of any write‑down of inventories to net realisable value and all losses of inventories shall be recognised as an expense in the period the write‑down or loss occurs. The amount of any reversal of any write‑down of inventories, arising from an increase in net realisable value, shall be recognised as a reduction in the amount of inventories recognised as an expense in the period in which the reversal occurs."
Inventories বিষয়ক কি কি তথ্য Disclosure এ রাখতে হয়?
IAS 2.36 অনুযায়ী-
" The financial statements shall disclose:
(a) the accounting policies adopted in measuring inventories, including the cost formula used;
(b) the total carrying amount of inventories and the carrying amount in classifications appropriate to the entity;
(c) the carrying amount of inventories carried at fair value less costs to sell;
(d) the amount of inventories recognised as an expense during the period;
(e) the amount of any write‑down of inventories recognised as an expense in the period in accordance with paragraph 34;
(f) the amount of any reversal of any write‑down that is recognised as a reduction in the amount of inventories recognised as expense in the period in accordance with paragraph 34;
(g) the circumstances or events that led to the reversal of a write‑down of inventories in accordance with paragraph 34; and
(h) the carrying amount of inventories pledged as security for liabilities."
তথ্যসূত্রঃ IAS 2.
